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The evaluation of balance includes clinical observation, scales and instrumental measures. Functional Reach Test is simple and can be carried out in both standing and sitting, but the error of reading the measuring ruler is large, which results in new moving rulers and inertial sensors. The factors influencing the results of Functional Reach Test are moving strategy, age, moving efficiency, goal orientation, single or double arms, human characteristics, number of experiments and others. In the future, combination of electromyogram and inertia sensor can be used to discuss the variety of muscles and the changes of muscle strength, and more influence factors for the test are needed to research.
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Objective:To analyze the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on balance, motor and activities of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients. Methods:The randomized controlled trials about the effects of PNF on motor, balance and ADL in stroke patients were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang data, and VIP, since establishment to December, 2019. The primary outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Bathel Index (MBI). The secondary outcome measures were Functional Reach Test (FRT), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), and Timed 'Up and Go' Test (TUGT). The literatures were independently screened by two investigators, and the quality of the articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Library systematic review criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results:A total of 13 articles were included with 786 stroke patients. PNF increased the score of BBS for sequelae patients (MD = 3.31, 95%CI 2.58 to 4.04, P < 0.001), FMA for recovery patients (MD = 8.31, 95%CI 5.68 to 10.97, P < 0.001); as well as MBI score (MD = 6.84, 95%CI 5.20 to 8.48, P < 0.001), FRT distance (MD = 1.11, 95%CI 0.39 to 1.84, P = 0.003) and TIS score (MD = 1.75, 95%CI 1.19 to 2.31, P < 0.001) for all the patients, and decreased TUGT time for sequelae patients (MD = -1.86, 95%CI -2.62 to -1.10, P < 0.001). Conclusion:PNF can significantly improve balance, motor and ADL for stroke patients. The effectiveness is various with the course of disease. More high-quality researches are needed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether fetal growth restriction (FGR) has an adverse effect on white matter development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 28 full-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants were enrolled as study subjects and 15 full-term appropriate for gestational age infants were enrolled as control group. Conventional head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed for all infants. The white matter was divided into 122 regions. The two groups were compared in terms of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of different brain regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the SGA group had a significantly lower fractional anisotropy in 16 brain regions (P<0.01), a significantly higher mean diffusivity in 7 brain regions (P<0.05), a significantly higher axial diffusivity in 8 brain regions (P<0.05), and a significantly higher radial diffusivity in 16 brain regions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FGR may cause abnormalities in the maturity and integrity of white matter fiber tracts.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Methods , Fetal Growth Retardation , Diagnostic Imaging , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , White Matter , Diagnostic Imaging , EmbryologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review our experience in surgical management of proximal anterior cerebral artery (A1) aneurysms in 23 patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January, 2004 and December, 2014, 23 patients (1.6%) with A1 aneurysms diagnosed by CTA or DSA were treated surgically. The "3H" therapy was adopted for postoperative prevention of cerebrovascular spasm. All the patients were followed up and examined with cerebrovascular CTA at 6, 12, 48 and 60 months after the operation with their Glasgow Outcome Scale score recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients consisted of 15 men and 8 women with an age range of 16 to 72 years (mean 51.3 years). The average diameter of the aneurysms was 5.8 mm, ranging from 3.2 to 9.7 mm. Twenty-two saccular aneurysms were found in these patients; 21 patients presented with SAH and two had vascular malformation. All the A1 aneurysms were managed through the pterional approach, and the mean postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4.8.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thorough analysis of the angiographic data is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of A1 aneurysms. Preservation of the perforators and prevention of aneurysm rupture are critical during the surgery. Full exposure of the Sylvian fissure and temporary occlusion of the parent artery ensures safe and effective dissection of A1 aneurysms.</p>
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Data of clinical trial projects involved by clinical trial institutions certified by the State Food and Drug Administration from 2002 to November 2012 were collected to summarize adverse reactions in project summary/statistical reports, analyze the rate of adverse reactions of clinical trials of new traditional Chinese medicines and relevant influencing factors, and increase the awareness of the safety of new traditional Chinese medicines. A total of 73 050 cases in 209 projects of 14 specialties were collected, including 49 689 cases in the new traditional Chinese medicine group and 271 adverse reaction cases, with an incidence rate of adverse reactions at 0.55%. The adverse reaction rate in 3 months < middle long course ≤ 6 months was the highest (1.04%), whereas that in short course ≤ half a month was the lowest (0.48%). The adverse reaction was closely related with the route of administration, 1.28% for topical > 0.63% for injection > 0.50% for oral. In the administration of only the test drug, the adverse reaction rate of patches was the highest (2.68%), whereas that of aerosols and suppositories was lowest (0). In the combined administration of the test drug and the simulation agent, the adverse reaction rate of external test patch + capsule was the highest (3.38%), whereas that of capsule + oral liquid, pills + granules, tablets + oral liquid, tablets + pills, tablet + capsule was the lowest (0). In the administration of only the test drug, the adverse reaction rate was 0.47%; In the combined administration with simulation agent (drug volume increase), the adverse reaction rate was 0.74%. Different doses caused adverse reaction different rates; The adverse reaction rate of drugs with whole-course dose between 1 100-1 200 g was the highest (3.36%), that for whole-course doses of 500-600, 900-1 000, 1 400-1 500, 1 600-1 700, 1 800-1 900 g was the lowest (0). In conclusion, the adverse reaction rate of new traditional Chinese medicines was still up to 0.55%, with the adverse reaction rate between 0.47% and 0.72% over the 11 years, without significant difference in each year. The adverse reaction rate was closely related to course of treatment, approach of administration, dosage form and medication dosage, with no significant correlation with medication dosage during the course of treatment. The adverse reaction rate increased with the rise in trial duration and drug volume. In the administration of only the test drug, the adverse reaction rates of external formulations and injections were higher than that of oral dosage forms. It is suggested to give more attention to the adverse reactions of drugs with long course of treatment and large volumes, injections and external patches in clinical trials of new traditional Chinese medicines.
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Humans , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] in newborn infants
Methods: From March 2012 to May 2013, 100 newborn infants were divided into two groups: RDS group [50 cases] and control group [50 cases]. According to the findings of chest x-ray, there were 10 cases of grade II RDS, 15 grade III cases, and 25 grade IV cases in RDS group. Lung ultrasound was performed at bedside by a single expert. The ultrasound indexes observed in this study included pleural line, A-line, B-line, lung consolidation, air bronchograms, bilateral white lung, interstitial syndrome, lung sliding, lung pulse etc
Findings: In all of the infants with RDS, lung ultrasound consistently showed generalized consolidation with air bronchograms, bilateral white lung or interstitial syndrome, pleural line abnormalities, A-line disappearance, pleural effusion, lung pulse, etc. The simultaneous demonstration of lung consolidation, pleural line abnormalities and bilateral white lung, or lung consolidation, pleural line abnormalities and A-line disappearance co-exists with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of neonatal RDS
Conclusion: This study indicates that using an ultrasound to diagnose neonatal RDS is accurate and reliable tool. A lung ultrasound has many advantages over other techniques. Ultrasound is nonionizing, low-cost, easy to operate, and can be performed at bedside, making this technique ideal for use in NICU
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Objective To examine the taurine levels and determine the influence of antenatal taurine on the taurine content in the brains of fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Methods Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,IUGR group and the IUGR + antenatal taurine supplement group(taurine group) (n =5).IUGR models were induced by low protein diet throughout gestation period.Taurine was added to the diet of the taurine group with a dose of 300 mg/(kg · d) from 12 days after conception until natural delivery.Two fetal rats were randomly selected from each nest and were sacrificed to obtain the brains,and the taurine levels in fetal rat brains were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results The average weight of fetal rats in the normal control group,the IUGR group and the taurine group were (6.619 ± 0.413) g,(4.509±0.454) g,(5.176 ±0.436) g,there was a significant difference among the 3 groups(F =429.818,P ＜ 0.01).The taurine levels in fetal rat brain in the normal control group,the IUGR group,and the taurine group were (2.399 ±0.134) × 103 μg/g,(1.881 ±0.166) × 103 μg/g and(2.170 ±0.191) × 103 μg/g,there was a significant difference among the 3 groups(F =24.828,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Antenatal taurine supplementation can significantly increase the taurine level in fetal rat brain with IUGR.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The diagnosis of neonatal atelectasis (NA) is usually based on clinical manifestations and chest X-rays, lung ultrasounds are not included in the diagnostic work-up of NA.Recently, ultrasounds have been used extensively and successfully in the diagnosis of many kinds of lung diseases, but few studies have addressed NA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound imaging features of NA-and to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in diagnosing NA.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From May, 2012 to June, 2013, 40 newborn infants with NA and another 40 neonates without lung disease were enrolled into this study.Lung ultrasound was performed at the bedside by a single expert physician.In a quiet state, the infants were positioned in supine, side or prone postures. The lung field was divided into three areas by the anterior auxilary and posterior auxilary line. The regions of the bilateral lungs were scanned by the probe which was vertical or parallel with the ribs, then compared the results with conventional chest X-ray findings.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) The main ultrasound imaging features of neonatal NA include lung consolidation with air bronchograms, pleural line abnormalities and A-line disappearance. Besides, lung pulse and lung sliding disappearance could be seen by real-time ultrasound. (2) The sensitivity of lung ultrasound for diagnosis of NA was 100%, while it was only 70% for conventional chest X-rays.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Use of ultrasound to diagnose NA is accurate and reliable, the sensitivity was superior to that of conventional chest X-ray examination, which also has many other advantages including easy-operating, non-ionizing, can be performed at the bedside, therefore, ultrasonic can provide important value for clinicians.</p>